Overview

Satz considers three ethical concerns about kidney sales. Then she compares different ways of structuring markets for kidneys. Her conclusion is that some markets do more to address the concerns about kidney sals than others.

These are the three ethical concerns.

1. Kidney markets undesirably restrict the options available to people: when it is possible to sell a kidney, lenders will demand kidneys as collateral for loans. She thinks that “people should not have to pay a cost for refusing to sell their body parts” on the grounds that “a person’s relationship to their body is so important that it should enjoy a special protection against the effects of market forces” (Satz 2008, 278).

2. Inequality: kidneys are sold by poor people to rich people; the exchanges feel exploitative.

3. Weak agency: the people selling the kidneys do not appreciate the consequences of doing so. For example, sometimes their husbands force them to sell their kidneys.

These are the different markets she considers.

1. Markets in supply and demand

2. Markets in supply only (e.g. government is the buyer, distributes by need)

3. Futures markets (payment and harvesting comes only after death)

4. Matching markets (people who want to donate to specific patients but aren’t biological matches swap donations with similar people who are matches)

Here’s how it breaks down (+ = high concern, - = low concern)